Kev faib tawm ntawm electrolyzer

Raws li kev faib tawm sib txawv ntawm electrolytes
Aqueous kua electrolyzer
Aqueous kua electrolyzers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: diaphragm electrolyzers thiab diaphragm-tsawg electrolyzers. Diaphragm electrolyzers tuaj yeem muab faib ua homotropic membranes (asbestos wool), ionic membranes thiab cov khoom electrolyte membranes (xws li -Al2O3); diaphragm-dawb electrolyzers tuaj yeem muab faib ua mercury electrolyzers thiab oxidation electrolyzers.
Thaum siv cov electrolytes sib txawv, cov qauv ntawm cov electrolytic cell kuj txawv.
Aqueous kua electrolyzers muab faib ua ob hom: diaphragm thiab tsis-diaphragm. Diaphragm electrolyzers feem ntau yog siv. Diaphragmless electrolytic hlwb yog siv nyob rau hauv chlorate ntau lawm thiab mercury zus tau tej cov chlorine thiab caustic soda. Kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw electrode nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev ntim ntau npaum li qhov ua tau tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev siv ntawm electrolytic cell. Yog li ntawd, cov electrodes nyob rau hauv niaj hnub diaphragm electrolyzers feem ntau yog upright. Electrolyzers qhia cov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv sib txawv vim cov khoom sib txawv, cov qauv, kev teeb tsa, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov khoom siv sab hauv [1].
Molten ntsev electrolyzer
Nws feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov hlau uas tsis tshua muaj melting point. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab yuav tsum sim tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws los ntawm kev nkag mus thiab tsis txhob hydrogen ions los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cathode. Piv txwv li, thaum npaj metallic sodium, txij li thaum lub cathode txo qhov peev xwm ntawm sodium ions yog qhov tsis zoo, kev txo qis yog qhov nyuaj heev. Anhydrous molten ntsev los yog molten hydroxide uas tsis muaj hydrogen ions yuav tsum tau siv kom tsis txhob hydrogen nag lossis daus ntawm cathode. Vim li no, cov txheej txheem electrolysis yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Piv txwv li, thaum electrolyzing molten sodium hydroxide, nws yog 310 degree. Yog tias nws muaj sodium chloride thiab dhau los ua cov electrolyte sib xyaw, qhov kub ntawm electrolysis yog li 650 degree.
Qhov kub ntawm electrolytic cell tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev hloov pauv qhov sib txawv ntawm electrode thiab hloov cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas siv los ntawm ohmic voltage poob rau hauv lub zog hluav taws xob. Thaum electrolyzing molten sodium hydroxide, lub tank lub cev tuaj yeem ua los ntawm hlau lossis npib tsib xee. Electrolysis ntawm molten electrolyte uas muaj chloride feem ntau inevitably nqa me me ntawm cov dej noo rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw, uas yuav ua rau cov anode tsim cov roj chlorine moist, uas muaj zog corrosive ntawm cov electrolytic cell. Yog li ntawd Lub tank electrolytic rau electrolyzing molten chloride feem ntau siv cov khoom siv ceramic lossis phosphate, thiab hlau tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov roj chlorine. Cov khoom cathode thiab anode nyob rau hauv lub molten ntsev electrolytic tank kuj yuav tsum tau muab cais kom raug thiab yuav tsum tau coj tawm ntawm lub tank sai li sai tau los tiv thaiv cov cathode khoom hlau sodium los ntawm floating nyob rau hauv lub nto ntawm electrolyte rau ntev thiab ntxiv. interacting nrog cov khoom anode los yog oxygen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. .
Non-aqueous kua electrolyzer
Txij li thaum tsis yog-aqueous tov electrolyzers feem ntau nrog los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum tsim cov khoom organic los yog electrolyzing organic teeb meem, lawv daim ntawv thov raug txwv thiab tsawg yog industrialized. Cov feem ntau siv cov organic electrolyte muaj tsawg conductivity thiab tsis tshua muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau siv qhov tsawg dua tam sim no thiab cov ncej sib nrug yuav tsum tau txo qis. Cov qauv siv hluav taws xob siv lub txaj ruaj khov lossis lub txaj fluidized muaj thaj tsam loj dua electrode, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm ntawm electrolyzer.
Classified los ntawm electrode kev twb kev txuas txoj kev
Electrolytic cells tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: unipolar electrolytic cells thiab bipolar electrolytic cells raws li txoj kev sib txuas ntawm electrodes. Nyob rau hauv ib tug unipolar electrolytic cell, electrodes ntawm tib polarity yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv parallel nrog DC fais fab mov, thiab cov polarities ntawm ob sab ntawm cov electrodes yog tib yam, uas yog, lawv yog anodes los yog cathodes tib lub sij hawm. Cov electrodes ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub bipolar electrolyzer txuas nrog cov ncej zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm DC fais fab mov, ua anodes lossis cathodes. Thaum tam sim no ntws los ntawm electrolytic cell los ntawm electrodes txuas nyob rau hauv series, ib sab ntawm txhua electrode nyob rau hauv nruab nrab yog lub anode thiab lwm sab yog lub cathode, yog li nws yog bipolar. Thaum tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo ib yam, qhov tam sim no ntawm bipolar electrolyzer yog me dua thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua, thiab kev nqis peev hauv DC fais fab mov yuav tsum tsawg dua li ntawm unipolar electrolyzer. Multi-polar hom feem ntau txais cov qauv ntawm lub lim xovxwm thiab yog cov compact. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yooj yim rau kev xau thiab luv luv, thiab cov qauv tank thiab kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm yog qhov nyuaj dua li hom unipolar. Cov hlais ntawm monopolar electrolyzers feem ntau yog cov duab plaub lossis square. Cov duab cylindrical nyob ib cheeb tsam loj, muaj qhov chaw siv tsawg, thiab tsis tshua siv.